Toronto Feature: Junction Shul

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Ecumenical Social Action

Ecumenical Social Action by Christian churches in Canada since the late 1960s has been characterized by a reawakening of the SOCIAL GOSPEL passion for justice and a new level of co-operation between Protestants and Roman CATHOLICS.

Protestantism

When a carefully engineered Catholic majority voted down certain reforms at the Diet of Speyer in Germany in 1529, the defeated minority earned the name "Protestant," derived from the Latin phrase meaning "to testify in favour of something.

Presbyterian and Reformed Churches

All Christian churches of the "Reformed" tradition derive from the 16th-century Protestant Reformation and from CALVINISM. They function through a system of presbyterian or representative elected courts often referred to as "corporate episcopy.

Lutherans

Lutherans, adherents of the Christian church founded by 16th-century Protestant reformer Martin Luther, whose central doctrine, justification by grace through faith alone, for the sake of Jesus Christ concentrates on God's favour to every person and not on each person's actions toward God.

Mormon Church

The Mormon Church was founded in 1830 in upstate New York. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, by far the largest Mormon denomination, is the only one of significance in Canada.

Salvation Army

The Salvation Army (sometimes referred to as the Sally Ann) officially began its work in Canada in London, Ont, on 1 June 1882. Introduced by fervent believers Mr and Mrs William Freer (Toronto), Jack Addie and Joe Ludgate (London), the Army corps was established in several Ontario towns.

Grey Nuns

Grey Nuns, the name commonly given to 6 distinct Roman Catholic religious communities of women, all spring from the original foundation, the Sisters of Charity of the Hôpital Général, in Montréal.

Séminaire de Québec

Séminaire de Québec, an educational institution consisting of the Grand Séminaire and the Petit Séminaire. The former, fd 26 Mar 1663 by Mgr François de LAVAL, was to train priests and guarantee parish ministries and evangelization throughout the diocese. In 1665 it was affiliated with the Séminaire des Missions Étrangères de Paris.

Christian Religious Communities

Methodism

The movement was first represented in what is now Canada by one of Wesley's followers, Laurence COUGHLAN, who began to preach in Newfoundland in 1766. Yorkshire settlers around Chignecto, NS, in the 1770s were the first sizable group of Methodists in the Maritimes.

Sunday Schools

Raikes's innovation, quickly copied in Britain, was brought to Canada mainly by the PRESBYTERIAN and CONGREGATIONAL churches.

Christianity

​Christianity is a major world religion, and the religion of some 80 per cent of Canadians. Believers hold that the life, death and resurrection of Jesus in the first century AD, as presented in the Bible and in the Christian tradition, are central to their understanding of who they are and how they should live.

Ursulines

The Ursulines who came to Québec in 1639 with the blessed MARIE DE L'INCARNATION were enclosed nuns.

Evangelical and Fundamentalist Movements

Throughout Christian history, however, it has been used by certain groups to differentiate themselves from those considered less true to the Christian gospel.

Judaism

Judaism is the religion of the JEWS. Its origins were in ancient Israel, where the sacred text of the Hebrew Bible was understood to be God's revelation. The Bible's core is the Torah-the 5 books delivered by God to the Jewish people at Mount Sinai through their liberator, teacher and prophet Moses.

Hinduism

Hinduism, the religion of approximately one billion people in India, Africa, Indonesia and the West Indies. Immigration from these countries (principally India) to Canada has provided the base for a Canadian population of about 297,200 Hindus (2001 census, last figures available).

Pentecostal Movement

Freemasonry

Changing economic and religious conditions after the Gothic period brought a decline in majestic building projects, and by the 17th century, lodges could stay alive only by supplementing the membership of working ("operative") masons with nonmasons ("accepted masons").

Millenarianism

Historically, expectation of millennial deliverance has become particularly intense at times of great social stress, such as the Crusades or Black Death in medieval Europe or the Protestant Reformation.

Pacifism

Globalization

​Globalization is the process of integration and interdependence of people and countries around the world.

Quakers

The Quakers (properly The Religious Society of Friends) are a body of Christians that arose out of the religious ferment of mid-17th century Puritan England. Founder George Fox (1624-91) was the son of a Leicestershire weaver.

Philosophy

Philosophy, in its original Greek use, meant love of wisdom, both theoretical and practical.

Philosophy: History Before 1950

Philosophy in Canada followed close on the heels of settlement. The history of Canadian philosophy begins in French Canada in 1665; English Canadian philosophy begins with the founding of the universities in Nova Scotia and Ontario.